IČO is the Czech acronym for Identifikační číslo osoby, which translates to Company ID Number (or literally, Identification Number of a Person). It is a unique eight-digit number used to unambiguously identify legal entities, self-employed individuals (sole proprietors), and other state organizational units. The IČO is a fundamental identifier in business and administrative dealings and is assigned to every business entity upon its establishment or registration.
The IČO is assigned by the Czech Statistical Office, and the entity retains it throughout its existence. It is public information that can be easily found in the Commercial Register or the Trade Register. It is mandatory to include the IČO on all tax documents (invoices), contracts, and in communications with state authorities, such as the Financial Office or the Social Security Administration. For legal entities, the IČO forms the numerical part of their VAT Identification Number (VAT ID) / Tax Identification Number (TIN).
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